Waste and Residuals Re-valued

Biorefineries can be designed and built to produce desired outputs from the processing of a wide variety of biological materials.

There is an opportunity for industry, academia and governments to collaborate on a technology roadmap that develops the concept of an integrated, stand-alone forest biorefinery.

I completely agree: Waste, residuals, materials that didn't have an economic value before are now re-evaluated.

These biorefineries will adopt and integrate a range of materials handling and preprocessing equipment,

1. thermochemical and biochemical conversion technologies, and
   
2. new extraction and purification sciences,
   
3. to produce a range of intermediate products,
   
4. while using less energy and reducing effluents and emissions.

Biorefiner Research and Development in Scandinavia and North America

• Intensive Research and Development, specially in North America and Scandinavia.
  
  
• Research and Development so far very much technologically and company driven. Very little or no socio-economic research.
  
  
• Biochemical platform: Research and Development breakthroughs needed to improve conversion and reduce costs.